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- Critical Care Pharmacy Specialist, University of Colorado Hospital
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/pharmacy/Departments/ClinicalPharmacy/DOCPFaculty/Q-Z/Pages/Paul-Reynolds,-PharmD.aspx
If a chest X-ray is normal symptoms 0f food poisoning purchase pirfenex 200 mg fast delivery, some experts prefer to treatment yeast in urine generic 200mg pirfenex with visa delay treatment of latent tuberculosis infection until after delivery because preg nancy itself does not increase the risk of progression to medicine man dr dre order pirfenex 200mg without prescription disease and because of an increased risk of drug-induced hepatotoxicity during pregnancy and immediately postpartum treatment gastritis buy discount pirfenex line. Although isoniazid is not known to be teratogenic, most experts recommend waiting to start therapy until the second trimester of pregnancy. Treatment regimens for tuberculosis are based on the presence or absence of tuberculosis disease, primarily determined by chest X-ray findings and sputum culture and, in the absence of disease, the likelihood of progressing to disease. For this reason, the recommended medication in women known to have converted within the previous 2 years (such as known contacts of other tuberculosis cases) but with no evidence of disease is isoniazid (300 mg per day) starting after the first trimester and continuing for 9 months. All pregnant women receiving isoniazid also should take pyridoxine (50 mg daily) to mitigate the risk of peripheral neuritis. If tuberculosis is diagnosed in a pregnant woman (by positive cultures, com patible clinical findings, or X-ray findings), prompt, multidrug therapy is rec ommended to protect both the woman and the fetus. Isoniazid and rifampin, supplemented initially by ethambutol are recommended drugs. Pyrazinamide frequently is used for the first 2 months in a three-drug or four-drug regimen. Although safety data in pregnancy have not been published, many experts have used the drug in pregnant women with no apparent problems for the woman or the fetus. Therapy with isoniazid and rifampin is continued for at least 6 months for drug-susceptible disease. Neonatal Management In utero infection can occur as a result of hematogenous dissemination, which seeds the placenta; or as a result of aspiration of infected amniotic fluid in utero. Neonatal infection may occur at the time of delivery as a result of aspiration of 426 Guidelines for Perinatal Care tubercle bacilli in women with tuberculosis endometritis. On the rare occasions in which congenital tuberculosis is suspected, diagnostic evaluations and treat ment of the infant and the mother should be initiated promptly. Management of a newborn whose mother (or other household contact) is suspected of having tuberculosis is based on individual considerations. Differ ing circumstances and resulting recommendations are listed as follows: • the mother has a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay result but a negative X-ray result. If the mother is asymptomatic, the infant needs no special evaluation or therapy and no separation of the mother and the infant is required. Because the tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay result could be a marker of an unrecog nized case of contagious tuberculosis within the household, other house hold members should be tested and have further evaluation, as needed. If the mother’s chest X-ray is abnormal but the history, physical examination, sputum smear, and X-ray indicate no evidence of current tuberculosis, the infant can be assumed to be at low risk of M tuberculosis infection. The radiographic abnormality in this cir cumstance probably is because of another cause or because of a quies cent focus of tuberculosis. In the latter case, the mother may develop contagious, pulmonary tuberculosis, if untreated, and should receive appropriate therapy if not treated previously. The mother should be reported immediately to the public health department so that investigation of all household members can be per formed within several days. All contacts should have a tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay, chest X-ray, and physical exami nation. The mother and the infant should be separated until both are receiving appropriate therapy and the mother is deemed to be not contagious. Women with tuberculosis disease who have been treated appropriately for 2 or more weeks and who are not considered contagious can breastfeed. If congenital tuberculosis is excluded, isoniazid is given until the infant is 3–4 months of age, at which time a tuberculin skin test should Perinatal Infections 427 be performed. If the tuberculin skin test result is positive, the infant should be reassessed for tuberculosis disease. If the skin test result is nega tive and the mother and other family members with tuberculosis have good adherence and response to treatment, and are no longer infectious, isoniazid may be discontinued. Because the response to the vaccine in infants may be delayed, the infant should be separated from the ill family member for at least several weeks after vaccination. In general, in the United States directly observed therapy of the infant is preferred. An expert in childhood tuberculosis should be consulted when this is a consideration. Breastfed infants of women taking isoniazid therapy should receive a multivitamin supplement, including pyridoxine. Bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccine is a live vaccine prepared from attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis. Acquired 428 Guidelines for Perinatal Care syphilis almost always is contracted through direct sexual contact with ulcer ative lesions of the skin or mucous membranes of infected people. Congenital syphilis most often is acquired through hematogenous transplacental infection of the fetus, although direct contact of the infant with infectious lesions during or after delivery also can result in infection. Transplacental infection can occur throughout pregnancy and at any stage of maternal infection. Antepartum Management All pregnant women should be serologically screened for syphilis as early as possible in pregnancy. False-negative serologic test results may occur in early primary infection, and infection after the first prenatal visit is possible. For communities and populations with a high prevalence, serologic testing also is recommended at 28–32 weeks of gestation and at delivery (as well as after exposure to an infected partner). Microscopic dark-field and histologic examinations for spirochetes are most reliable when lesions are present. Pregnant women with syphilis should be treated with a penicillin regimen appropriate to the stage of infection. Women who are allergic to penicillin should be desensitized and then treated with the drug. Erythromycin and azithromycin are suboptimal treatment options because neither reliably cures maternal infection nor treats an infected fetus. Women should be observed for signs of a Jarisch– Herxheimer reaction (an immune response to toxins released when spirochetes die), which may cause fever, nonreassuring fetal status, and preterm labor. Women with syphilis should be queried about illicit substance use, espe cially cocaine. Results of the maternal serologic tests and treatment, if given, should be recorded in the neonate’s medical record or be made available to the neonate’s pediatrician. Management decisions are based on the three possible maternal situations: 1) maternal treatment before pregnancy, 2) adequate maternal treatment and response during pregnancy, or 3) inad equate maternal treatment or inadequate maternal response to treatment (or reinfection) during pregnancy. For proven or probable congenital syphilis (based on the infant’s physical examination and radiographic and laboratory testing), the preferred treatment is aqueous crystalline penicillin G, administered intravenously. The dosage should be based on chronologic age rather than gestational age and is 50,000 units/kg, intravenously, every 12 hours (for infants 1 week of age or younger) or every 8 hours (for infants older than 1 week). Alternatively, procaine penicillin G, 50,000 units/kg, intramuscularly, can be administered as a single daily dose for 10 days; no treatment failures have occurred with this formulation despite its low cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. Algorithm for evaluation and treatment of infants born to mothers with reactive serologic test results for syphilis. For example, a titer of 1:64 is fourfold greater than a titer of 1:16, and a titer of 1:4 is fourfold lower than a titer of 1:16. If a single dose of benzathine penicillin G is used, then the infant must be fully evaluated, full evaluation must be nor mal, and follow-up must be certain. If any part of the infant’s evaluation is abnormal or not performed, or if the cerebrospinal fluid analysis is rendered uninterpretable, then a 10-day course of penicillin is required. When possible, a full 10-day course of penicillin is preferred, even if ampicillin initially was provided for pos sible sepsis. Use of agents other than penicillin requires close serologic follow-up to assess adequacy of therapy. Infants who have a normal physical examination and a serum quantitative nontreponemal serologic titer either the same as or less than fourfold (eg, 1:4 is fourfold lower than 1:16) the maternal titer are at minimal risk of syphilis if they are born to mothers who completed appropriate penicillin treatment for syphilis during pregnancy and more than 4 weeks before delivery, and if the mother had no evidence of reinfection or relapse. Although a full evaluation may be unnecessary, these infants should be treated with a single intramuscular injection of penicillin G benzathine because fetal treatment failure can occur despite adequate maternal treatment during pregnancy. Alternatively, these infants may be examined carefully, preferably monthly, until their nontrepone mal serologic test results are negative. Some experts, however, would treat with penicillin G benzathine as a single intramuscular injection if follow-up is uncertain. Lyme Disease Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) transmitted by the bite of a deer tick.
Polyhydramnios (usually after 25 weeks) is common medications narcolepsy purchase generic pirfenex online, especially with proximal obstructions symptoms hypoglycemia 200mg pirfenex for sale. Bowel enlargement and polyhydramnios may be found in fetuses with Hirschsprung’s disease treatment hypercalcemia cheap pirfenex 200mg free shipping, the megacystis– microcolon–intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome and congenital chloride diarrhea medication 3 checks buy pirfenex canada. When considering a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction, care should be taken to exclude renal tract abnormalities and other intra-abdominal cysts such as mesenteric, ovarian or duplication cysts. In anorectal atresia, prenatal diagnosis is usually difficult because the proximal bowel may not demonstrate significant dilatation and the amniotic fluid volume is usually normal; occasionally calcified intraluminal meconium in the fetal pelvis may be seen. Prognosis Infants with bowel obstruction typically present in the early neonatal period with symptoms of vomiting and abdominal distention. The prognosis is related to the gestational age at delivery, the presence of associated abnormalities and site of obstruction. In those born after 32 weeks with isolated obstruction requiring resection of only a short segment of bowel, survival is more than 95%. Loss of large segments of bowel can lead to short gut syndrome, which is a lethal condition. It derives from failure of migration of neuroblasts from the neural crest to the bowel segments, which generally occurs between the 6th and 12th weeks of gestation. Another theory suggests that the disease is caused by degeneration of normally migrated neuroblasts during either pre or postnatal life. Etiology It is considered to be a sporadic disease, although in about 5% of cases there is a familial inheritance. Diagnosis the aganglionic segment is unable to transmit a peristaltic wave, and therefore meconium accumulates and causes dilatation of the lumen of the bowel. The ultrasound appearance is similar to that of anorectal atresia, when the affected segment is colon or rectum. Polyhydramnios and dilatation of the loops are present in the case of small bowel involvement; on this occasion, it is not different from other types of obstruction. Prognosis Postnatal surgery is aimed at removing the affected segment and this may be a two-stage procedure with temporary colostomy. Bowel perforation usually occurs proximal to some form of obstruction, although this cannot always be demonstrated. Etiology Intestinal stenosis or atresia and meconium ileus account for 65% of the cases. Meconium ileus is the impaction of abnormally thick and sticky meconium in the distal ileum, and, in the majority of cases, this is due to cystic fibrosis. Diagnosis In the typical case, meconium peritonitis is featured by the association of intra-abdominal echogenic area, dilated bowel loops and ascites. The diagnosis should be considered if the fetal bowel is observed to be dilated or whenever an area of fetal intra abdominal hyperechogenicity is detected. The differential diagnosis of hyperechogenic bowel includes: intra-amniotic hemorrhage; early ascites; fetal hypoxia; meconium peritonitis; and cystic fibrosis. Meconium ileus and hyperechogenic fetal bowel at 16–18 weeks of gestation may be present in 75% of fetuses with cystic fibrosis. The prevalence of cystic fibrosis in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of intestinal obstruction may be about 10%. Prognosis Meconium peritonitis is associated with a more than 50% mortality in the neonatal period. Causes of hepatosplenomegaly include immune and non-immune hydrops, congenital infection and metabolic disorders, and it is seen in Beckwith–Wiedemann and Zellweger syndromes. Hepatic enlargement may also be caused by hemangioma, which is usually hypoechogenic, or hepatoblastoma (the most frequent malignant tumor in fetal life), in which there are areas of calcification. Prevalence Hepatic calcifications are found at mid-trimester ultrasonography in about 1 per 2000 fetuses. Etiology the vast majority of cases are idiopathic but, in a few cases, hepatic calcifications have been found in association with congenital infections and chromosomal abnormalities. Diagnosis Solitary or multiple echogenic foci (1–2 mm in diameter) are observed within the substance of the liver or in the capsule. Prognosis this depends on the presence of associated infection or chromosomal defects. Renal tract anomalies or dilated bowel are the most common explanations, although cystic structures may arise from the biliary tree, ovaries, mesentery or uterus. The correct diagnosis of these abnormalities may not be possible by ultrasound examination, but the most likely diagnosis is usually suggested by the position of the cyst, its relationship with other structures and the normality of other organs. Choledochal cysts Choledochal cysts represent cystic dilatation of the common biliary duct. Prenatally, the diagnosis may be made ultrasonographically by the demonstration of a cyst in the upper right side of the fetal abdomen. The differential diagnosis includes enteric duplication cyst, liver cysts, situs inversus or duodenal atresia. The absence of polyhydramnios or peristalsis may help to differentiate the condition from bowel disorders. Postnatally, early diagnosis and removal of the cyst may avoid the development of biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, calculi formation or adenocarcinoma. Ovarian cysts Ovarian cysts are common and they may be found in up to one-third of newborns at autopsy, although they are usually small and asymptomatic. Fetal ovarian cysts are hormone-sensitive (human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta) and tend to occur after 25 weeks of gestation; they are more common in diabetic or rhesus isoimmunized mothers as a result of placental hyperplasia. The majority of cysts are benign and resolve spontaneously in the neonatal period. Potential complications include development of ascites, torsion, infarction or rupture. Prenatally, the cysts are usually unilateral and unilocular, although, if the cyst undergoes torsion or hemorrhage, the appearance is complex or solid. Large ovarian cysts can be found in association with polyhydramnios, possibly as a consequence of compression of the bowel. Obstetric management should not be changed, unless an enormous or rapidly enlarging cyst is detected or there is associated polyhydramnios; in these cases, prenatal aspiration may be considered. A difficult differential diagnosis is from hydrometrocolpos, which also presents as a cystic or solid mass arising from the pelvis of a female fetus. Other genitourinary or gastrointestinal anomalies are common and include renal agenesis, polycystic kidneys, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia and imperforate anus. Most cases are sporadic, although a few cases are genetic, such as the autosomal recessive McKusick–Kaufman syndrome with hydrometrocolpos, polydactyly and congenital heart disease. Mesenteric or omental cysts Mesenteric or omental cysts may represent obstructed lymphatic drainage or lymphatic hamartomas. Antenatally, the diagnosis is suggested by the finding of a multiseptate or unilocular, usually mid-line, cystic lesion of variable size; a solid appearance may be secondary to hemorrhage. Antenatal aspiration may be considered in cases of massive cysts resulting in thoracic compression. Postnatal management is conservative and surgery is reserved for cases with symptoms of bowel obstruction or acute abdominal pain following torsion or hemorrhage into a cyst. Complete excision of cysts may not be possible because of the proximity of major blood vessels and in up to 20% of cases there is recurrence after surgery. They appear as unilocular, intrahepatic cysts, and they are usually asymptomatic, although rarely may show complications such as infections or hemorrhages. In 30% of the cases of polycystic kidneys (adult type), asymptomatic hepatic cysts may be associated. Intestinal duplication cysts these are quite rare, and may be located along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Differential diagnosis includes other intra-abdominal cystic structures and also bronchogenic cysts, adenomatoid cystic malformation of the lung and pulmonary sequestration. Thickness of the muscular wall of the cysts and presence of peristalsis may facilitate the diagnosis. Anomalies of the umbilical vein Abnormalities of the umbilical vein, which are very rare, can be divided in three groups: (1) Persistence of the right umbilical vein with ductus venosus and presence or absence of left umbical vein; (2) Absence of the ductus venosus with extrahepatic insertion of the umbilical vein; and (3) Dilated umbilical vein with normal insertion. Normally, the umbilical vein enters the abdomen almost centrally at the level of the liver and courses on the left of the gallbladder.
Since it monitor the anatomy from with a single and uneventful epidural injection treatment uterine cancer discount pirfenex 200 mg without a prescription, total spinal block occurred symptoms 10 days before period generic pirfenex 200 mg with mastercard. The aim of this work was to medications 5113 purchase 200mg pirfenex otc study the effect of local anaesthesia with lidocaine medicine 4h2 pill buy pirfenex 200mg on line, versus local anaesthesia with lidocaine with exta administration of adrenaline, on retinal layers thickness measured by Optical coherence tomography (ÎÑÒ) in patients undergoing elective cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: this is a prospective randomized trial that was carried out on 60 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery by phacoemulsifcation under local anaesthesia with lidocaine. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; the frst group received local anaesthesia with lidocaine 2% with extra administration of adrenaline (30 participants) (Adrenaline group) and the second group received local anaesthesia with lidocaine 2% only (30 participants) (control group). In control group, there was also a statistically signifcant postoperative decrease in superior (P-value=0. The extra administration of adrenaline to lidocaine didn’t affect the post anaesthetic changes occurred in retinal thickness. Hirudotherapy has proven to be a alone (grade a), 2) Can predict the depth of epidural space with a high degree of promising option when proper anticoagulation is not possible. Discussion: the frst leech was applied immediately after surgery and every 6 Results and Discussion: hours during the frst day; others were applied every 12 hours in the following 5 days, continuing with one leech per day until the 10th day. The saliva of Hirudo1 medicinalis contains more than 100 bioactive substances, including coagulation inhibitors, platelet aggregation inhibitors, vasodilators, anaesthetic, antimicrobial and anti-infammatory agents. Hirudin is the main and most potent anticoagulant responsible for inhibition of thrombin. Prophylactic treatment with antibiotic and continuous monitoring of blood parameters were necessary. The contraindication of heparin use immediately in the postoperative period was overcome by the use of leeches with local anticoagulant qualities. The viability of the fap was established by using clinical instruments and colour Doppler ultrasonography. Learning points: Hirudotherapy is a safe, easy to use, benefcial and cost-effective treatment modality to save reattached body parts and faps in reconstructive plastic surgery. Conclusion: Lack of education/training is the biggest obstacle for under usage of this safe, non-invasive technique. Introducing quick practical reference guides and regular teaching could help to overcome this. The comfort, heart rate and patient’s that the epidural pressure changes according to the head position, as it may be satisfaction remain unchanged. J Pain 2006; 7: 843-50 Conclusion: the epidural pressure changed according to the head position. J Anesthesiol 2017; 70: 439-45 risk of dry tap might be decreased by the head-up position as the epidural pressure 3. Epidural puncture can be confrmed by the Queckenstedt test procedure in patients with cervical spinal canal stenosis. Its severity depends on sympathetic blockade magnitude and the basal sympathetic tone, and may be delayed up to 20 minutes after spinal injection. Non-invasive arterial pressure was measured every 2 Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza (Brazil), 6Anesthesiologist at the minutes and hypotension was defned as a decreased > 20% of systolic arterial pressure. Background and Goal of Study: New adjuvant drugs for the multimodal analgesic Sixty patients (65%) experienced hypotension of which 8 (9%) patients received regimen may be reasonable to decrease postoperative pain scores, total opioid sympathomimetic agents. We aimed to evaluate the effects of lipoic acid as an adjuvant for the control of a negative predictive value of 45%. The Analgesia Nociception Index: Tailoring procedure and spinal anesthesia with heavy bupivacaine associated to morphine. We analyzed the time to frst rescue analgesic, the rescue opioid consumption, the Anesth Analg. There was no difference, immediately or after 24 hours of procedure, in the nitrite and reduced Kurota M. Background and Goal of Study: Dry tap is a rare but serious problem for lumbar puncture including spinal anesthesia. However, the mechanism has been investigated insuffciently, and anesthesiologists can encounter dry tap even in young patients. Epidural pressure usually corresponds to the pressure in the subarachnoid Case report of a rare cause of postoperative transient space. In this study, therefore, we investigated the pressure of the epidural space by changing head position to elucidate the mechanism of dry tap. Materials and Methods: Patients were adult, and they had no systemic complications. After calibration of pressure 1Inselspital Bern Bern (Switzerland) monitoring at the level of epidural puncture, operation table tilted for head-up and head-down. The epidural pressure was monitored in three positions; horizontal position, 5-degree head-up position and 5-degree head-down position. Wilcoxon Background: Epidural anesthesia is a standard procedure in combination with test was used for statistical analysis. On the other hand, the epidural pressure increased Whipple surgery for proven pancreatic cancer. These results clearly indicate the patient received an epidural catheter inserted at the level of Th 6/7 under local Regional Anaesthesia 86 anesthesia for postoperative pain management. The neurological examination revealed signifcant symmetrical force reduction (force: Application of caudal anesthesia in X-ray M3) of the upper limbs and paraplegia of the lower limbs, both of which did not endovascular surgery exist prior to the induction of anesthesia. Two hours after extubation, lower limb force was fully restored (force: techniques, the question of its anesthetic tactics remains open. The optimization of anesthesia during cylinoplasty of the we revealed signifcant force reduction. The duration of the operation, performed over included 30 women who were randomly assigned to two groups. Apart from a passing delirium, no further neurological complaints at the stage of preparation for operative delivery perioperative protection (30 minutes were registered. Patients of the control group received intraoperative analgesia with fentanyl at a dose of 1. Intraoperatively for 60% patients of the control group we used to add fentanil at a dose of 1-1. Recently, some thoracic ultrasound-guided interfacial blocks were observed nausea at 7% and pruritus at 3. These blocks were associated with1 Conclusion: Caudal analgesia with bupivacaine solution with buprenorphine is not a reduction in postoperative pain scores following breast surgery but have not been only highly effective, but also a suffciently safe method of perioperative analgesia evaluated as the main anaesthetic technique in melanoma patients undergoing for endovascular interventions. Ultrasound-guided serratus plane block was performed as described by Blanco with a solution of 40 mL lidocaine 1% and epinephrine room. Dispersion of local anesthetic over the serratus muscle reached the axilla according to ultrasound imaging. When asked about operative 1 conditions, the main surgeon described being “extremely satisfed. Yudin Moscow the local anesthetic was assessed immediately after the operation in the post anesthetic recovery room (Figure 1b sensory block). Davydovsky did not have any complaints and did not experience any pain, even with 90° arm Moscow (Russia) abduction. Discussion: Ultrasound-guided serratus plane block was described in 2013 by Background: the rate of deep vein thrombosis following foot and ankle procedures Blanco and colleagues and has since been frequently used in order to improve 1 is typically between 0. The incidence of venous thromboembolic events varies References: based on the level of injury and inherent patient factors. Learning points: Use of the serratus plane block as the main anesthetic technique Sciatic nerve blockade performed. The patient complained of lack of air, pain in the is a possible and promising option for axillary lymphadenectomy procedures. The patient briefy lost consciousness, there was transient twitching of the upper limbs, so toxic effect of local anesthetic was suspected. The next morning, the patient already was conscious without any neurological disorders, and was extubated. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after fracture of the tibia: An analysis of the National Trauma Databank /Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma 8 (2017) 38–44 Regional Anaesthesia 87 2. Better prophylactic regimens taking into account all risk factors are required in lower extremity fractures. From this publication a great variety Spectacular Response after Left Stellate Ganglion of indications have been described, including chronic pain management and as an Block in Patient with Refractory Ventricular intra and post-operative pain management alternative in the multimodal approach. We have failed to fnd any case of this technique for scapular surgery so we show Tachycardia Case Report a case of a 51 years old woman undergoing a scapular lipoma surgery under this block and general anesthesia. Unicameral implanted cardioverter defbrillator de 80mm), 15ml 0,25% L-bupivacaine were used.
The resulting conformationally altered proteins often acquire a brown color referred to symptoms 39 weeks pregnant discount pirfenex online american express as Maillard browning medicine numbers buy pirfenex 200mg without prescription. For example medicine used for adhd buy pirfenex now, human cartilage is near white at birth symptoms you need a root canal order pirfenex 200 mg on line, but turns to dark brown in aged individuals. For example, Wolff and colleagues have suggested a role for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and metal induced hydroxyl free radical formation in a process called autoxidative glycosylation (Hunt et al. Formation of age related pigment is the result of accumulated oxidative damage over time (Figure 3. Lipofuscin is the classical age pigment of post-mitotic cells, whereas ceroid accumulates due to pathological or experimental processes. Lipofuscin occurs as yellow-brown irregular membrane-bound granules located in lysosomes. Lipofuscin contains about 50% (by weight) protein, a lesser amount of lipid, <1% fluorophore(s) and dolichol bound metals (iron, copper and aluminum). Upregulation of protein-tyrosine nitration in the anterior horn cells of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Alteration of 8-hydroxyguanosine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with Parkinson’s disease. Remarkable increase in the concentration of 8 hydroxyguanosine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Formation of dityrosine cross-links in proteins by oxidation of tyrosine residues. Pathogenesis of influenza virus-induced pneumonia: Involvement of both nitric oxide and oxygen radicals. Conversion of amino acid residues in proteins and amino acid homopolymers to carbonyl derivatives by metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Determination of methionine sulfoxide in proteins: Comparison of a gas-chromatographic and electrophoretic method. Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxy-amino acids into glycoaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein. Coulometric detection in high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides. Small stress proteins: Chaperones that act as regulators of intracellular redox state and programmed cell death. Action of hypochlorous acid on the antioxidant protective enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The utilization of 5-hydroxy-2-amino valeric acid as a possible marker of oxidized arginine and proline residues. Comparison of 5-hydroxy-2-amino valeric acid with carbonyl group content as a marker of oxidized protein in human and mouse liver tissues. Inhibition of lung tissue oxidation during ischemia/reperfusion by 2 mercaptopropionylglycine. Activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis. Genetic effects of thymine glycol: Site-specific mutagenesis and molecular modeling studies. Increased 3-nitrotyrosine in both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Extensive nitration of protein tyrosines in human atherosclerosis detected by immunohistochemistry. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry of radiation-induced decomposition products of thymine and thymidine. Electrochemical detection of nitrotyrosine in fetal brains following repetitive uterine ischemia. Separation of hydroxy and hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Inactivation of the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes upon generation of intrinsic radical species. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is present within human atherosclerotic lesions and promotes the formation and activity of peroxynitrite. Difficulties in measuring reactive protein carbonyls in tissues using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Frequency and spectrum mutations at codon 12 and 13 of the c-K-ras gene in human tumors. Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. Characterization of cholesterol oxidation products formed by oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. Modification of protein surface hydrophobicity and methionine oxidation by oxidative systems. High-performance liquid chromatography of carbonyl compounds as 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazones with electrochemical detection. Background and radiation-induced 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in irradiated Escherichia coli. Derivatization of gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde residues in oxidized proteins by fluoresceinamine. Deoxycytidine glyoxal: Lesion induction and evidence of repair following vitamin C. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous detection of malondialdehyde, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetone and propionaldehyde to monitor the oxidative stress in heart. Measurement and significance of free and protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and free 3 nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in biological samples: A high-performance liquid chromatography method using electrochemical detection. Reactions between nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: Footprints of peroxynitrite in vivo. Detection and quantitation of nitrotyrosine residues in proteins: In vivo marker of peroxynitrite. Superoxide dismutase catalyzes nitration of tyrosines by peroxynitrite in the rod and head domains of neurofilament-L. Isotope dilution mass spectrometric quantification of 3-ntriotyrosine in proteins and tissues is facilitated by reduction to 3-aminotyrosine. Tandem mass spectrometric approaches for the analysis of alkylguanines in human urine. New aspects in the reaction mechanism of phenol with peroxynitrite: the role of phenoxy radicals. The oxidation of amino-acids with the production of substances of biological importance. Mutagenicity of active oxygen species in bacteria and its enzymatic or chemical inhibition. Prevention by acetylsalicylic acid of liver cirrhosis and carcinogenesis as well as generations of 8 hydroxydeoxyguanosine and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined diet in rats. Biomarkers of free radical damage applications in experimental animals and in humans. Simultaneous determination of eight lipid peroxidation degradation products in urine of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Chlorination of tyrosyl residues in peptides by myeloperoxidase and human neutrophils. Reaction of ascorbate with lysine and protein under autoxidizing conditions: Formation of N (carboxymethyl)lysine by reaction between lysine and products of autoxidation of ascorbate. Identification and characterization of deoxyguanosine adducts of mutagenic alkyl substituted acrolein congeners. Formation of nitrating and chlorinating species by reaction of nitrite with hypochlorous acid. Formation of nitric oxide-derived inflammatory oxidants by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils. Reactive oxygen species, chromosome mutation, and cancer: Possible role of clastogenic factors in carcinogenesis. Autooxidation of human low-density lipoprotein: Loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and generation of aldehydes.
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